Psychology Final Study Guide
Spring 2004
1. What types of behaviors do psychologists study?
2. Wilhelm Wundt asked trained participants to look inward to examine their own conscious experiences. This method used in the early days of psychology was called:
3. In conducting a survey of the sexual behaviors of young adults, which sampling technique below would be the most “scientific”?
4. The major emphasis of psychoanalysis is:
5. A focus on brain structures, neurotransmitters, hormones, and genes marks the ___________ perspective in psychology.
6. Alcohol, drugs, meditation, and hypnosis can induce:
7. During which period of sleep is the brain most active?
8. Which factor LEAST affects the amount of sleep we need?
9. Pick the statement below that fits best with the CIRCADIAN THEORY of why we need sleep.
10. Sleepwalking is called:
11. Consciousness is best described as:
12. Research suggests that daydreaming:
13. Over a lifetime, the average person accumulates about _______ of sleep.
14. You are most likely to remember your dream if you wake up during:
15. What happens to the percentage of REM sleep as we age from early childhood to later adulthood?
16. Excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden, uncontrollable attacks of REM sleep are symptoms of:
17. When under hypnosis, people will:
18. Which country has the highest rate of illicit drug use?
19. According to the Center for Disease Control, what percentage of high
school males have engaged in premarital sexual intercourse?
20. According to Erikson, if a person is developing in a positive and healthy manner, the correct order of stages will be:
21. Compared to late maturing girls, early maturing girls:
22. Puberty usually begins in girls between the ages of:
23. G. Stanley Hall coined the term “adolescence”, and he and Anna Freud both believed that adolescence was a time of:
24. When asked “Why is it wrong to steal an apple from a neighbor’s tree?” Alexander, who is at Kohlberg’s preconventional level of moral development, responds:
25. According to research discussed in the text, which of the following is correct concerning Kohlberg’s stages?
26. According to the text, research studies have found that teenagers who work more than 15 or 20 hours per week:
27. According to Kohlberg, the correct order of levels of moral development is preconventional, conventional and:
28. According to Erikson, people who do not commit themselves to loving and caring for a special other person will likely become:
29. Studies of life satisfaction have revealed that, in comparison to unmarried people, married people report:
30. As adolescents enter the formal operations stage of cognitive development, they acquire the ability to solve problems systematically and reach conclusions through deductive reasoning.
31. Census statistics show that the most common household in America today is a married couple living with their own children.
32. An incentive is:
33. When it comes to obesity, people who are at greatest health risk are those who have fat:
34. The need for achievement is mostly:
35. In his early study of emotions and facial expressions, Charles Darwin asked missionaries and people of different cultures around the world to record expressions of emotion. Darwin’s results indicated that facial expressions of emotion:
36. The three primary characteristics of motivation are activation, persistence, and:
37. Which theory suggests that human behavior is motivated by certain innate,
unlearned tendencies that are shared by all individuals?
38. Which of the following suggests that performance on tasks is best when arousal level is appropriate to the difficulty of the task?
39. When it comes to determining a person’s weight and body mass, we can say that
40. Research shows that our strongest emotional reactions tend to be invoked by:
41. Jim is happy and has a huge smile on his face. According to the
42. Surveys on gender differences in emotion show that:
43. According to Sternberg, the most complete form of love consists of passion, intimacy, and commitment, and is called:
44. Because emotions are universal, males and females experience them in the same way.
45. Sexual arousal and lust are not part of romantic love.
46. According to Freud, our current thoughts are found in our:
47. Mary makes excuses, finding self-deceiving justification for unacceptable ideas and impulses. This is called:
48. What is Freud’s term for the psychic or sexual energy that comes from the id and provides energy for the entire personality?
49. “No girls allowed,” “boys have cooties,” “yuck, they’re kissing!” are all comments typical of children in the:
50. Which of the following remains as a strength of Freud’s Psychoanalytic theory of personality?
51. The inherited tendency to respond to universal human situations in predictable ways is captured by Jung’s concept of:
52. With sublimation, we rechannel sexual and aggressive energy into socially acceptable behavior.
53. The biomedical model focuses primarily on:
54. The second stage in the general adaptation model is:
55. Which of the following is not a symptom that is typical of burnout?
56. Jane was involved in a traffic accident. At first she was very angry and felt hostility toward the other driver, and then she realized that she and the other driver were fortunate that they were not seriously injured. Jane is showing an example of:
57. Walter Cannon considered the fight-or-flight response to be adaptive because it:
58. Which of the following is NOT one of the stages of the general adaptation syndrome?
59.As the professor passes out the psychology exam, Jerry is eager to get
started. He sees this as his chance to show what he knows and to make
use of his hard work studying the material. Jerry’s approach to the exam is
an example of what Richard Lazarus called:
60. People experience the LEAST stress when their workload on the job is:
61. The most common cause of posttraumatic stress disorder in women is:
62.According to ratings done by persons who participated in the Holmes and Rahe study of stressful life events, the most stressful life event is:
63. Which of the following statements is true?
64. To effectively reduce the risk of coronary heart disease, people should exercise at least:
65. “I usually walk and eat quickly” and “I get irritated and restless around slowworkers” are statements likely to be endorsed by people with:
66. Only about 10 percent of the deaths in the United States can be attributed to lifestyle.
67. According to the criteria for defining abnormal behavior, when a behavior interferes with the quality of a person’s life, then it is considered:
68. Which perspective emphasizes the role of the id, ego, and superego in defining psychological abnormality?
69. Delusions of grandeur and persecution are symptoms of:
70. Low levels of serotonin and norepinephrine are believed to be involved with:
71. Paranoid, narcissistic, and histrionic are three types of:
72. Margaret tends to perceive every event as negative. If the phone rings, she thinks its a salesperson trying to bother her. If it doesn’t ring, she thinks no one cares about her. These negative interpretations are at the root of her
depression, according to the:
73. Which of the following is an example of grossly disorganized behavior as it relates to schizophrenia?
74.The two major types of mood disorders are:
75. The only subpopulation where males are just as likely as females to suffer from major depression is:
76. Compared to men, about _______ women suffer from generalized anxiety disorder.
77. Kathy is afraid to leave her house. She rarely goes outside, even just to check her mail. Her sister needs to drive her to the local supermarket for shopping, but even with this assistance, Kathy is very uncomfortable. Given these symptoms, it appears that Kathy suffers from:
78. Experts believe that most phobias are caused by:
79. Compulsion is to ________ as obsession is to ________ .
80. Those convinced that every mole is cancer and heart palpitations are heart attacks likely suffer from:
81. According to the cognitive perspective, abnormal behavior results from faulty thinking and distorted perceptions.
82. Bipolar disorder is the condition where people feel sad and depressed during the winter and happy during the summer.
83. Which of the following topics is of the LEAST interest to social psychologists?
84. In the experiment conducted by Asch, people who provided pressure to conform would be called the:
85. The mere-exposure effect is most strongly related to:
86. Audience effects and coaction effects are two concepts related to:
87. Cognitive dissonance occurs when there is a conflict between:
88. Which of the following statements is true of first impressions?
89. Which of the following kinds of attributions do we tend to make for our own behavior?
90. When it comes to attraction, the concept of reciprocal liking refers to the fact that:
91. The subjects in Milgram’s classic study were told that they were
participating in:
92. The compliance technique in which a person who agrees with a small
request is then presented with a larger request is:
93. The tendency to put forth less effort when working with others on a common task than when working alone is called:
94. After their favorite team won an important football game, a group of rowdy fans ran across the college campus shouting and cheering. Someone in the group yelled, “Let’s knock down that light pole!” and everyone joined in. That night, a large number of intelligent students committed acts of vandalism just because they were in a group having fun. This incident occurred because of the unfortunate effect of:
95. With a well-informed audience, which of the following arguments is likely to be the most persuasive?
96. Which definition of prejudice
97. The blocking of an impulse or interference with the attainment of a goal is defined as:
98. Similarities between people, rather than differences, have a stronger influence on liking and loving.
99. Prejudice is a behavior, and discrimination is more of an attitude or cognition.
100. In most psychotherapy sessions, the bulk of the time is spent:
101. Transference and resistance are two concepts associated with:
102.. The purpose of using free association in psychoanalysis is to:
103. Who among the following therapies suggested that only three things were needed of
104. Behavior therapy would be LEAST effective in treating:
105. The ABC theory, developed by Albert Ellis, goes with:
106.Most studies show that psychotherapy provides a benefit to most patients.
107. Which of the following statements about the functions of psychotherapy is TRUE?
108. The task of the psychotherapist is to do all the following EXCEPT 109. Psychoanalysts believe that when patients understand their unconscious motivations, they have developed ____.
110. Which of the following is NOT a component of client-centered therapy?
111. Which statement about biological approaches to treatment is TRUE?